ABSTRACT
The term black hairy tongue was first coined by Amatus Lusitanus in the year 1557.1 It is a reactive hypertrophy and defective desquamation of filiform papilla causing hair-like projections usually affecting the dorsum of the tongue. Hairy tongue is known by other names such as lingua villa nigrosa. Patients with Hairy tongue is usually asymptomatic but occasionally complaints of dysgeusia, Glossopyrosis, or Halitosis. The Glossopyrosis in Hairy tongue was probably due to the growth of candidal colonies, which causes burning sensation on the affected dorsum of the tongue.Hairy tongue is a benign condition characterised by hypertrophy of Filiform Papilla on the dorsum of the tongue. Hairy tongue is prevalent among 0.4 % among south Asian Population. Hairy tongue clinically appears as elongated hair like projections on the dorsum of the tongue which gets stained blackish brown due to the presence of carbon in the tobacco smoke.CONCLUSIONSHairy tongue is usually asymptomatic. Some cases were associated with halitosis, glossopyrosis and dysgeusia (altered taste sensation), and metallic taste. A thorough detailed history is always necessary for establishing the diagnosis and treatment of hairy tongue.
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Introduction: Heart failure causes a number of pathophysiological affects which, alone or in combination result in liver cell damage. As a consequence, liver function abnormalities are so common in heart failure. Liver dysfunction in heart failure is usually mild and asymptomatic and often detected incidentally on routine liver biochemical investigations. Aim of The Study: To study the influence of congestive heart failure on liver biochemical profiles. Materials and methods: Among cases admitted with heart failure in the medical wards, government general hospital, sixty patients who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken up for study. Results: Among the total heart failure cases, 40% were due to rheumatic heart disease. Dilated cardiomyopathies represent about 23% of cases. Heart failure secondary to coronary artery heart disease is seen in about 13% of cases. We have found five cases with acute heart failure and three cases with hypotension. Present study revealed a strong correlation between liver function derangements and the above cases. Conclusion: The study observed 20% of cases with jaundice. Among sixty cases liver enlargement was seen in 63% of cases. Increased liver size is strongly correlated with hyperbilirubinemia. Though the conjugated fraction of bilirubin is also elevated, the levels of unconjugated fraction were higher. Serum aminotransferases were elevated in 78% of cases unlike serum alkaline phosphatase which is increased only in 25% of cases. There found to be a significant correlation between rise in unconjugated bilirubin and elevation of serum aminotransferases.
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Introduction: Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The heart, arterial vessels, brain, kidney and retinal vasculature are major target organs adversely affected by high blood pressure. In adults there is a continuous incremental risk of target organ damage across levels of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Cardio vascular disease risk doubles for every 20mmHg systolic and 10mm Hg diastolic rise in blood pressure. Aim of the study: To study different cardiac geometry in newly diagnosed hypertensives and to correlate proteinuria and LV mass in hypertensives. Materials and methods: Fifty newly registered patients at Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital from October 2016 - April 2017 were included in the study. In all these patients, history of substance abuse, comprehensive clinical examination and appropriate imaging and bio-chemical evaluation done. Results: Patient distribution between stage I and stage II hypertensives were almost equal. Among the distribution of patients with pulse pressure gradient, 20 patients (40%) had pulse pressure in the range of 41-50, 15 patients (30%) had pulse pressure in the range of 51-60. 7 (14%) and 8 (16%) had pulse pressure below 40 and above 60 respectively. In the study, 18 patients (36%) had urine protein in Mircoproteinuria range as detected by early morning spot urine protein - creatinine ratio. Among 18 patients with Micro- Proteinuria, 15 patients (83%) had abnormal cardiac geometry. Among 26 patients with abnormal cardiac geometry, 15 patients (58%) had micro proteinuria. There is significant association between microproteinuria and abnormal cardiac geometry in patients with essential hypertension. P. Ravikumar. A study on the prevalence of increased left ventricular mass and proteinuria in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 196-200. Page 197 Conclusion: A significant association was seen between widened pulse pressure and LVH Majority of patients with pulse pressure above 50 had LVH. While most of the patients with pulse pressure < 50 had normal geometry. Majority of patients (70%) with proteinuria and LVH were in stage-II hypertension. Patients were almost equally distributed between stage I and II Hypertension. Majority of patients had normal cardiac geometry in stage I while stage II patients had LVH of whom majority had microproteinuria.
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Background: Lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest manifestations of a variety of diseases of diverse etiology. Tuberculosis, metastasis, acute suppurations and lymphomas are some of the entities. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a precise diagnostic technique for evaluation of different causations of lymphadenopathy and is comparable to the gold standard test excision biopsy and histopathological examination. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the clinicopathological profile of patients presenting with peripheral lymphadenopathy, establishing the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the etiological diagnosis and to assess its sensitivity and specificity to correlate the findings with histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: One year single centered hospital based prospective analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in north eastern India among 100 adult patients aged above 15 years presenting with accessible peripheral lymphadenopathy. Results and Observation: A male preponderance with maximum occurrence in the age group 15-40 years with features of neck swelling, fever, night sweats, unilateral cervical lymphnode involvement, anemia and raised ESR were common. Fine needle aspiration cytology was successfully done in 98% cases whereas excision biopsy in 90% cases. Diagnosis arrived on the basis of aspiration cytology and histopathology were tubercular in 52.04% vs 52.22%, metastasis in 25.51% vs 28.88%, nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis in 17.34% vs 13.33%. Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2.04% vs 2.22% and 3.06% vs 3.33% cases respectively. The respective sensitivity and specificity of aspiration cytology vis-a-vis histopathology obtained in various groups are statistically significant (p< 0.0001) in each of tuberculosis 95.65% vs 100%, metastasis 96% vs 100%, nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis 100% vs 96%, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 100% vs 100%. Conclusion: Peripheral lymphadenopathy is a manifestation of a variety of diseases and fine needle aspiration cytology is a convenient and accurate diagnostic tool in evaluation of lymphadenopathies.
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Skin diseases are the most common infection in humans as well as in animals caused by fungi like yeast, mould and dermatophytes. In this study, in silico analysis of 20 phytocompounds was carried out for their efficacy as antidermatophytic agents using the receptor 1, 3 - β -D-Glucan synthase. The 3D structure of the receptor obtained using Modeller9V8 was validated with Procheck, where Ramachandran plot showed 80.3% of residues in the most favoured region. The phytocompounds and the drugs Echinocandin B and Caspofungin were docked with 1, 3 - β -D-Glucan synthase using Glide. Though all the 20 compounds exhibited lesser energy than both Echinocandin B (-3.3Kcal/mol) and Caspofungin (-1.68 Kcal/mol), Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside exhibited very less energy (-11.56 Kcal/mol). Further, comparing to synthetic drugs, the entire compounds selected for this study showed high interaction with the modeled protein. Hence, the present study concludes that the efficacy of all phytocompounds used in this study act against dermatophyes and which will be very helpful to the researchers working in the area of dermatophye drug developments.
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The influence of fenugreek seed powder supplementation in the diet on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status was studied in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. The protective effect of the aqueous extract of the seeds on the activity of calcium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Ca2+ ATPase) in liver homogenate in the presence of Fe2+/ascorbate in vitro was also investigated. Normal and diabetic rats were provided with a diet supplemented with fenugreek seed powder for 30 days at a dosage of 2 g/kg body weight. The diabetic rats exhibited enhanced lipid peroxidation and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress associated with depletion of antioxidants in liver, kidney and pancreas. However, treatment with fenugreek seed powder normalised the alterations. In normal rats supplementation resulted in increased antioxidant status with reduction in peroxidation. Ca2+ ATPase activity in liver was protected by the aqueous extract to nearly 80% of the initial activity. The findings suggest that the soluble portion of the seeds could be responsible for the antioxidant property.